Brami, C., Bao, T., & Deng, G. (2016). Natural products and complementary therapies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 98, 325–334.
STUDY PURPOSE: To provide a review of best evidence for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) treatments
TYPE OF STUDY: Systematic review
PHASE OF CARE: Active antitumor treatment
Interventions included were vitamin E, glutamine, goshajinkigan, alpha-lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, acupuncture, massage therapy, acetyl L carnitine, and physical activity. All interventions showed mixed findings, with findings suggesting that acetyl L carnitine may worsen symptoms in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Limited evidence exists to show the effectiveness of integrative therapies for the prevention or treatment of CIPN.
Very limited evidence exists for effective interventions to prevent or manage CIPN. More research is needed in this area.
Braik, T., Yim, B., Evans, A.T., Kassem, M., Mullane, M., Lad, T., . . . McDunn, S. (2014). Randomized trial of vitamin B6 for preventing hand-foot syndrome from capecitabine chemotherapy. The Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology, 12, 65–70.
To determine whether pyridoxine can prevent hand-foot syndrome (HFS) in patients with cancer being treated with capecitabine
Eligible patients were randomized to receive either pyridoxine at a dose of 100 mg per day plus capecitabine-containing chemotherapy or a placebo plus capecitabine-containing chemotherapy. The placebo pills did not visually match the pyridoxine pills although they were similar. The primary investigator and the treating oncologist were blinded to treatment groups. The potency of the pyridoxine was not tested, but the drug came from multiple lots over the course of the study. Pyridoxine or placebo treatment was initiated on the first day of capecitabine treatment. Adherence was assessed by a phone call to patients during the third week of each treatment cycle as well as by pill counting. Data were collected by the treating oncologist after each cycle of chemotherapy for up to four cycles. Three topical agents that contained urea or lactic acid were not permitted to be used during the study, Aqua Care® medicated calamine lotion (.3%), Dr. Scholl’s® Smooth Touch deep moisturizing cream, and Dove® moisturizing cream wash.
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
HFS developed in 26% of patients in the pyridoxine group (n = 38) and 21% patients in the placebo group (n = 39). In both groups, 16% developed grade 2 or 3 HFS. No significant differences in HFS grades were observed in the two arms of the study.
Based on a review of the study’s primary endpoints (e.g., HFS incidence, grade), there is no true benefit from using prophylactic vitamin B6 in patients with cancer receiving capecitabine-containing chemotherapy.
The results of this study demonstrated that administering pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to patients receiving capecitabine-containing chemotherapy did not lower the incidence or grade of HFS. Other strategies should be implemented to prevent capecitabine-induced HFS.
Braga, F.T., Santos, A.C., Bueno, P.C., Silveira, R.C., Santos, C.B., Bastos, J.K., & Carvalho, E.C. (2014). Use of Chamomilla recutita in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. Cancer Nursing. Advance online publication.
To identify the dosage of the liquid extract Chamomila recutita (C recutita) in mouthwash needed to reduce the incidence and intensity of oral mucositis in adult patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
Forty patients were randomized to one of four groups to receive routine care or routine care plus mouthwash containing a liquid extract of C recutita at .5%, 1%, or 2%. The liquid extract of C recutita was obtained at a one to one ratio by a percolation test, and the extract was standardized in 10.7 mg/mL of apigenin-7-glucoside, 20.8% w/v of dry residue, with a density of 1,002 g/mL. The final product had a pH range of 5.42–5.7, a relative density of 1.03 g/mL, and a total bacterial, fungal, and yeast count of less than 10 UFC/g. Patients receiving the intervention used the solution twice per day for one minute, one hour before breakfast and dinner beginning on the first day of conditioning and ending when oral mucosa healed or a granulocyte count exceeded 500 mm3 for three consecutive days (if a patient did not develop mucositis). Patients were instructed to spit out the solution. All patients received the standard of care, which included training for patients to brush their teeth and tongues at least three times per day and after meals, to use an extra-soft toothbrush and nonabrasive toothpaste, to remove dental devices, and to rinse with a .12% chlorhexidine solution twice per day. Data were collected daily from the start to the conclusion of the intervention period.
Randomized, phase II clinical trial
The experimental group at the 1% dosage (30%, n = 3) demonstrated a reduced incidence of oral mucositis compared to the control group (90%, n = 9; p = .01), a reduced intensity compared to the control group (p = .01), and a reduced duration of oral mucositis (intervention mean = 1.9 days, control mean = 5.7 days; p = .01). The formulation was well-tolerated by patients, and it was considered safe as no moderate to severe adverse effects were identified. Of the patients who received the 2% solution, 40% (n = 4) did not develop mucositis. Patients receiving the 1% solution had the fewest ulcerative lesions (30%), and the control group had the most (90%). In this study, 84% of patients receiving any dose of the intervention rated the solution as “pleasant” or “very pleasant” with only mild side effects reported in any group.
The use of mouthwash containing 1% C recutita extract is associated with a reduced incidence, intensity, and duration of mucositis in adult patients undergoing allogenic HSCT. Patients using the C recutita solution found it tolerable, and only minimal side effects were reported by the patients in this study.
The findings of this study provide grounds for a phase III clinical trial involving a larger number of subjects. The results of this investigation will help nurses and other health professionals in choosing the dosage of C recutita to be used to manage oral mucositis in patients undergoing HSCT. Research is limited at this time.
Bradt, J., Dileo, C., Magill, L., & Teague, A. (2016). Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD006911.
STUDY PURPOSE: To assess and compare the effects of music therapy and music medicine interventions for psychological and physical outcomes in people with cancer
TYPE OF STUDY: Meta-analysis and systematic review
PHASE OF CARE: Multiple phases of care
The standard mean difference for fatigue in the music intervention group was 0.38 (7 studies, 253 participants, p = 0.03). Anxiety was reduced with music (13 studies, 1,028 patients, mean difference = –8.54, p < 0.0001). Results also showed a positive effect for depression (7 studies, 723 participants, standard mean difference = –0.4, p = 0.02).
Music interventions also had a small to moderate beneficial effect on fatigue, anxiety, and depression.
Music therapy may have a small to moderate effect on fatigue, anxiety, and depression.
Bradt, J., Dileo, C., Grocke, D., & Magill, L. (2011). Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD006911.
To examine the effects of music therapy and \"medical music\" on patients with cancer.
Music interventions appear to have beneficial effects regarding pain reduction and short-term reduction of anxiety.
Music therapy and listening to music may be helpful means of reducing anxiety and perceived pain, and these interventions can have an effect of moderate size. The effects may be relatively short-lived, and the evidence is somewhat weak in terms of study design. However, listening to music has no risks for patients, can be easy to implement, and is an intervention that patients can do themselves. Nurses can suggest that patients use this approach to help manage pain and anxiety.
Bradt, J., Goodill, S. W., & Dileo, C. (2011). Dance/movement therapy for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD007103.
To compare the effects of dance/movement therapy to standard care and other interventions for patients with cancer.
Databases searched were Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Science Citation Index, CANCERLIT, International Bibliography of Theatre and Dance, ProQuest Digital Dissertations, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Current Controlled Trials National Research Register.
An extensive listing of specific search keywords per database was provided.
Studies were included in the review if they were
The exclusion criteria were not specified.
In total, 15 references were retrieved.
Criteria for quality evaluation from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews was applied. Studies were deemed to be of very low quality.
One study examined the effect of movement therapy on fatigue. Analysis showed a stardardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 1.63]). No strong positive findings were found for body image in patients with breast cancer in mood or distress. One study showed a moderate significant effect on quality of life (SMD = 0.89; 95% CI [0.21, 1.57]).
Findings suggested that dance therapy may be beneficial in women with breast cancer to improve fatigue and quality of life. However, the quality of the evidence was very low, and only two small studies were found.
Exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing fatigue in several types of patients with cancer. Dance/movement therapy can be seen as another type of exercise that can be beneficial.
Bradt, J., Potvin, N., Kesslick, A., Shim, M., Radl, D., Schriver, E., . . . Komarnicky-Kocher, L.T. (2015). The impact of music therapy versus music medicine on psychological outcomes and pain in cancer patients: A mixed methods study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23, 1261–1271.
To compare the effects of music therapy and music medicine on pain and psychological outcomes, and to explore relevant patient experiences
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either two music therapy or two music medicine interventions during a two-week timeframe. After two weeks, subjects were crossed over to the other intervention. Music therapy was provided by a certified therapist and included a brief discussion of patients' concerns followed by the provision of live music based on assessed needs. Participants were invited to play an instrument, participate in breathing exercises, and express thoughts and emotions. Music medicine involved providing music based on preferences. Patients were asked not to engage in any other activity during listening. A blinded assessor interviewed patients after each music session and after the final session. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed by two coders to identify reported benefits or harms from descriptions of the experience.
Single-blinded, randomized crossover trial
Anxiety was reduced by 15 points with music therapy and 12 points with music medicine (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between the two conditions. Pain was reduced by 0.9–1.1 points (p < 0.0005) with no difference between the groups. Common themes from the qualitative analysis were experiencing the music as relaxing, peaceful, and soothing, and many patients appreciated the playful nature of interactive therapy sessions.
Both music therapy and listening to preferred music were associated with reductions in pain and anxiety.
Listening to music was shown to be as effective as music therapy provided by a therapist to assist in reducing pain and anxiety. Although the degree of change shown here was small and this study had several limitations, listening to music is a low-risk and simple intervention that may be beneficial to patients. Nurses should consider employing this technique with patients in anxiety-producing situations and as part of pain management.
Bradt, J., Shim, M., & Goodill, S.W. (2015). Dance/movement therapy for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(1).
Two studies examined effects on depression. These were rated as having a very low quality of evidence using the GRADES system. The pooled effect of two studies showed no effect for depression. Two studies that reported anxiety showed no statistically significant effect on anxiety. Pooled results from two studies showed no support for an effect on fatigue. One study showed greater vigor with dance compared to standard care (SMD = 1.44, p = 0.0004). One study showed no significant effect for pain.
No conclusions could be drawn regarding effect of dance or movement therapy.
The quality of the evidence was very low, and two of the three trials showed a moderate risk of bias rating.
The findings of research regarding the effects of dance or movement therapy are inconclusive because of the few available studies of low quality. Additional, well-designed research to determine any potential benefits of dance versus other types of exercise and movement therapy is needed. The impact of movement as a creative art therapy is uncertain.
STUDY PURPOSE: To examine the effects of music therapy or music medicine interventions on psychological and physical outcomes in patients with cancer
STUDY TYPE: Systematic review
DATABASES USED: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 10), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Science Citation Index, CANCERLIT, MusicTherapyWorld.net, CAIRSS, and ProQuest Digital
KEYWORDS: Music therapy, cancer, and neoplasm
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Not specified
TOTAL REFERENCES RETRIEVED: 773
EVALUATION METHOD AND COMMENTS ON LITERATURE USED: Study quality was assessed by the authors with a scale developed and described in this study.
Bradfield, S.M., Sandler, E., Geller, T., Tamura, R.N., & Krischer, J.P. (2015). Glutamic acid not beneficial for the prevention of vincristine neurotoxicity in children with cancer. Pediatric Blood and Cancer, 62, 1004–1010.
To determine if glutamic acid is an effective preventative therapy in children with vincristine-associated neurotoxicity
Before the first treatment of vincristine, patients were stratified into stratum 1 or stratum 2. Stratum 1 included patients with Wilms tumor or rhabdomyosarcoma who were to receive nine weeks of vincristine; stratum 2 included patients with acute lympoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma who were to receive four weeks of vincristine. Both groups were randomized to receive L-glutamic acid hydrochloride or placebo three times a day until seven days after week 4 or week 9 of vincristine. The placebo was administered in the same manner.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
Patients who received glutamic acid did not have significantly less neurotoxicity symptoms compared to the placebo group. The subgroup of patients aged 13 years or older experienced more benefits from glutamic acid (0.28, p = 0.055) compared to patients younger than 13 years. Neurotoxicity rated less than 0.02 (p = 1) but was not statistically significant.
Glutamic acid is not considered an effective preventative treatment of neurotoxicities in preadolescents.
Glutamic acid is not recommended for the prevention of neurotoxicities in pediatric patients at this time.